Tomographic Fracture Imaging
Integrated Microseismic Services
Direct Mapping of Fracture / Fault Networks
True Connectivity
Fracture Propogation Rates
Reservoir Boundary Identification
Advanced Drilling Information
Tomographic Fracture Imaging™ (TFI) uses Seismic Emission Tomography (SET) in combination with empirical data on fracture geometry, to directly image and map both the natural fracture/fault networks and those induced by hydraulic fracturing. SET is a technique for imaging sources of seismic energy contained within the volume being imaged. The seismic energy is recorded by a beam forming surface array. The collected data is processed to provide a 3D grid of voxels (3D pixels) with node points at the body center of each voxel cube. The semblance value for the seismic energy associated with each voxel is calculated and assigned to its node point. The cube is color contoured for semblance.
The proxy hypocenters generated by traditional microseismic techniques can lead to multiple interpretations of fracture results and effectiveness. Tomographic Fracture Imaging provides a more confident representation of reservoir connectivity.
When time sequenced, Tomographic Fracture images can illustrate the rate of energy propogation away from the wellbore. These images have the capacity of showing:
1. The rate of hydro-frac propogatio
2. The dynamic features of the frac interaction with the rock
3. The movement of pressure responses away from the hydro-frac and
4. The reservoir rock response to these pressure changes.
Such responses show likely optimal production horizons.
Did you frac into the aquifer? TFItm can tell you. Tomographic Fracture Imagingtm (TFItm) not only shows the total rock volume broken down by the hydro-fracs, it also shows the natural fault and fracture systems that the frac tapped into. The lateral and vertical connection (or isolation) of the frac energy can also be imaged, providing scientific evidence of the rock response.
The pre-identification of geological features that impact drilling decisions. TFI has the capacity to recognize the in situ stress regime, predict the location of active faults and fracture networks ahead of the bit, and identify the most productive areas in a reservoir.